A Short Note On Mr Image Classification Using Adaboost Essay

MR Image Classification Using Adaboost For Brain Tumor Types Priyanka B. Zaware Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering P.E.S Modern COE, Pune University Pune, India priyanka30991@gmail.com Prof. Rupali S. Kamathe Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering P.E.S Modern COE, Pune University Pune, India rupalikamathe@gmail.com Abstract — Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an crucial and most important technique used in the detection and classification of brain tumor. Brain MR imaging plays very a crucial role for radiologist to diagnose and treat brain tumour. Study of medical image by the radiologist is very time consuming and also the accuracy depends upon their experience and their expertise in that field. Thus computer aided systems become very necessary as they overcome the limitation. This project presents an automated system of classification of tumor from brain MRI. The algorithm uses T2-weighted MRI images. The useful and important features of image are extracted from medical image for classification purpose. Here texture features are extracted using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method. The classification of MR images is done using Adaboost classifier. Then finally the performance of classifier is evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, error rate and accuracy. Keywords— Brain MRI, computer aided systems, feature extraction, GLCM, Adaboost classifier. INTRODUCTION When most of the normal cells grow in our body gets old

Effective Images of People and Places Created by Dickens

Effective Images of People and Places Created by Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth. Dickens childhood was not particularly happy one, and many of the events he endured and people he met inspired his books. The second child of a clerk in the navy pay-office, Dickens moved to London with his family when he was two years old. His father was often in debt, and finally in 1824 was sent to debtors prison with the rest of the family in Marshalsea. Dickens, on the other hand was put o work at a shoe-blacking warehouse. Memories of this time haunted him for the rest of his life. Despite the fact his parents failed to educate him, Dickens worked hard to†¦show more content†¦Dickens was very interested in bringing about change and his novels deal with such topics as justice and punishment, the harsh treatment of children and the evils of the factory system. He was an ardent campaigner against public executions, using his fame and influence to bring the horrors of the situation to light. Social change did occur during the lifetime of Charles Dickens. Hew laws were passed to lessen the hours endured by factory workers; young children were prevented from working in factories altogether and The Public Health Act of 1848 made the first step towards improved sanitation and public health. Great Expectations is set slightly before Charles Dickens lived. The first chapter of Great Expectations takes place in a graveyard. A young boy, Pip is observing his dead familys coffins. He is an orphan and lives with his grown-up sister. He is lonely, he never saw (his) father or (his) mother, and never saw any likeness of either of them. and he recalls that, when he was young he used to imagine what they looked like from the appearance of the lettering on their tombstones. The shape of the letters on (his) fathers gave (him) an odd idea that he was a square,stout, dark man, with curly black hair. And he drew a childish conclusion that (his) mother was freckled and sickly from the character and turn of theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Suspense and Tension in Charles Dickens The Signalman991 Words   |  4 PagesSuspense and Tension in Charles Dickens The Signalman In the Charles Dickens story the narrator meets the signalman who is confessing to him his problems. The narrator comes every night to find out that the signalman was seeing a ghost of a man, who was pointing out that certain train accidents are going to happen. After a few days the narrator goes peacefully to the signalmans shed, and finds out that he mysteriously died. The signalman at the train stationRead MoreIrony, satire and humour in Oliver Twist1656 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis of Dickens use of irony, satire and humour in Oliver Twist. There are multiple examples throughout Oliver Twist of irony, satire and humour. Although a dark novel, there are many moments of humour and an extraordinary amount of chuckling, giggling and knee-slapping by characters. Each of the literary techniques of humour, irony and satire, employed by Dickens help add focus and depth on the various conflicts between the novels outcasts and its established society. It is impossible toRead MoreThe Use of Language in A Tale of Two Cities Essay1814 Words   |  8 Pagesclosely to the use of language, show how Charles Dickens examines the tragic consequences of unruly behaviour in Chapter Twenty One of ‘A Tale of Two Cities’. How does he bring out the dramatic tension? ‘A Tale of Two Cities’ set partly in the Saint Antoine region in the midst of the deadly and brutal French Revolution and partly in the dull and monotonous Restoration Period in England seems to be tale of warning and of social justice. Dickens, born in 1812, held the equality of all socialRead More The Portrayal of Family in Charles Dickens David Copperfield4646 Words   |  19 PagesThe Portrayal of Family in Charles Dickens David Copperfield DECLARATION OF INTEGRITY. I declare that this study is my own and does not contain any unacknowledged work from any source. CONTEXT INTRODUCTION. 4 1. COPPERFIELDS (SENIOUR): Dicken’s pattern of 6 happy marriage. 2. DAVIDDORA’S MARRIAGE: the reasons of spiritual 8 separation in the family. 3. DAVIDAGNES’S MARRIAGE: Dicken’s ideal of 12 marriage 4. MR.MURDSTONECLARA: opposite to Dicken’s ideal 14 Of happy marriageRead More Sympathy for Pip in Dickens Great Expectations Essay3264 Words   |  14 PagesSympathy for Pip in Charles Dickens Great Expectations The settings of Great Expectations have an important bearing on the storyline; the settings also echo the characters in personality and circumstance. The theme of the book seems to run parallel with the settings in some respects, such as the plain but wholesome life-style of Rochesterand the beckoning but ultimately shallow habitat of London. Throughout the book comparisons and relationships between story and Read More The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G. Wells3559 Words   |  15 PagesThe Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G. Wells To be denied of information as a reader is far more powerful than to know the truth. In this assignment I will be looking at the two short stories written in the 1800’s: â€Å"The Red Room† by H.G.Wells where a man goes into an apparently haunted room and although he is warned by other old characters he does not listen and the tension builds up as he goes into the room where fear gets the better of him in a room which might Read More This essay will consider four of this type of story, by short story2235 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will consider four of this type of story, by short story writers of the period; Dickens’ The Signal Man, The Monkeys Paw’ by W W Jacobs, H G Wells The Red Room and The Dream Woman by Wilkie Collins. LOOKING AT THE ATTUTUDES OF THE PERIOD, EXAMINE HOW A RANGE OF 19TH CENTURY WRITERS CREATE MYSTERY AND SUSPENSE IN THEIR SHORT SHORIES The rise in popularity of magazines in Victorian times and the era’s fascination in the unknown and supernatural led to immense interest in theRead MoreEssay on The Signalman by Charles Dickens3739 Words   |  15 PagesThe Signalman by Charles Dickens Halloa! Below there! †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ A small expression that once understood strikes you with an essence of alarm, fear and intrigue. Throughout the short story of The Signalman, this quote was used several times and was repeated by several characters. Coincidence? Charles Dickens invites you to decide. This dissertation from www.coursework.info For the duration of this half term we have studied numerous short stories from the book Telling Tales. Throughout thisRead MoreThe Historical Context of A Tale of Two Cities2575 Words   |  11 Pages A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, is a story set in the year 1775 and through the turbulent time of the French Revolution. It is of people living in love and betrayal, murder and joy, peril and safety, hate and fondness, misery and happiness, gentle actions and ferocious crowds. The novel surrounds a drunken man, Sydney Carton, who performs a heroic deed for his beloved, Lucie Manette, while Monsieur and Madame Defarge, ruthless revolutionaries, seek revenge against the nobles of FranceRead MoreChapter One and Thirty Nine of Great Expectations Essay1814 Words   |  8 Pagesthe convict, with chapter 39, when the convict returns. Charles Dickens is considered to be one of the greatest English novelists of the Victorian period. This greatest of Victorian writers was born in Landport, Portsmouth, on February 7, 1812. His father John worked as a clerk in the Navy Payroll Office in Portsmouth. It was his personal experience of factory work and the living conditions of the poor that created in Dickens the compassion, which was to mark his literary works. Dickenss

Verba and Non-Verbal Communication Theories Free Essays

In all communication events, unless there is a relationship between actions and words, the message can be wrongly interpreted. I observed a conversation between a bartender and a customer in busy and crowded bar. The customer wanted the buy one more double bourbon but the bartender refused to sell to him. We will write a custom essay sample on Verba and Non-Verbal Communication Theories or any similar topic only for you Order Now This resulted in a series of communication theories, which will be analysed later. In order to analyse the communication theories that provide most insight into understanding the dynamics of the observed event, it is necessary to define what communication is and examine the different communication models and theories used in the observed event. In the context of the observed event, verbal and nonverbal communication, paralanguage, noise (psychological and physical), attribution errors, body movements (emblems, illustrators, affect displays and regulators) are the communication theories that will be examined to show how they all combine to give more meaning to messages. Communication is a process of which information flows from one source to a receiver and back. ( who) communication is a two way process which is complete only when the receiver gives feedback that he or she has understood the message. When people use words to communicate, they do not just listen to what is said in order to understand the message. They also look at the person who is speaking to see what their body is doing and listen to the way they are saying the words to understand their full message. For example, in the observed event, 80% of the communication has been made before the customer even opened his mouth to speak. The customer staggered to the bar and verbally asked to be served one more double bourbon. The bartender refused to serve him because he knew the customer is already drunk and according to the NSW law, should not be served any more drinks. The question is how did the bartender know the customer was drunk? As opposed to the verbal message, the bartender was able to decipher the nonverbal messages being sent by the customer – the disturbed balance in his movement, his glassy eyes, smell of alcohol, sweat on his face, and the muddled speech. ll these indicated to the bartender that this customer is drunk. When his request was denied, the customer became defensive saying he was not drunk. He refused the alternative non-alcoholic drinks offered by the bartender and became instantly aggressive, yelling and abusing the bartender. One could read the evidence of paralanguage in the customer’s voice. ‘Paralanguage is the vocal (but nonverbal) dimension of speech. (reading 2. 2) one could read from the high pitch of his voice, and the angry tone of his voice which was becoming loud that the customer is beginning to get angry and aggressive. One could also see the angry look on his face; this is called affect display which is any emotional response in a communication. There are also different body movements by both the bartender and the customer that all gave more meaning to the conversation. For example, when the customer could not be controlled, the bartender called the security staff by raising his hand palm up and establishing eye contact with him. The security understood immediately that his service was needed at the bar. This nonverbal body movement is called emblems. According to ( textbook p. 69) ‘emblems are those gestures that have a specific verbal translation. Another body movement was the way the bartender was shaking his head side to side at the same time he was declining the customer’s request. This type is called an illustrator. Illustrators are all those gestures that go along with our speech. ’(textbook p. 70) There was also the evidence of repetitions of messages in the observed event. the bartender had to explain to the customer over and over again why he would not serve him more alcohol because the customer kept saying he should be served now. Here, there was difficulty getting the message across to the customer and this could be due to a particular barrier to communication called noise. Noise is any distortion factor that blocks, disrupts, or distrusts the message being sent to the receiver, interfering with the communication process. (textbook p. 7) In this context, the noise could be psychological due to the emotional state of the customer (being drunk) or physical noise stemming from the loud music in the club and also the presence of many people. Not getting the message across easily could also be due to attribution errors which are errors people make because they assign a certain meaning to something that was not intended. In this event, the customer is of Indian origin; so it could be that he understood the bartender’s shaking of head to be a ‘Yes’ instead of ‘No’. This is because a slow shaking of head in India means ‘Yes’. The presence of regulators such as ‘pauses’ that occurred throughout this conversation indicate opportunities for feedback and responses to be sure the other person is listening. To conclude, communication, which is the exchange of ideas, knowledge, information and attitudes, is much more than words. Although verbal and nonverbal communication are similar in that they both convey meanings and different in more ways, both of them put together provide complete meaning of the message. Even though they work together, it is nonverbal communication that accounts for 65 to 93% of the total meaning of communication. (birdwhitsell, 1970; mehrabian, 1981). This means that what is not being said in a communication determines the success or failure of that communication. Due to the dynamic nature of communications, it is important to master nonverbal behaviours especially in service industries like tourism and hospitality for effective communication. The bartender being able to know the customer was drunk was due to the nonverbal symptoms of drunkenness. Most symptoms of drunkenness are universal irrespective of age, gender, culture or origin and can be easily identified. Thus the different communication theories used in this communication event: verbal and nonverbal communication (vocal and nonvocal), the different types of body movements, noise (physical and psychological), attribution errors all combine to provide the most insight into understanding the dynamics of the observed event. How to cite Verba and Non-Verbal Communication Theories, Essay examples

Professional Communication in ICT Free-Sample MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Professional Communication in ICT. Answer: Investigating the Skill Gap between Graduating Students and Industry Expectations The aim of the article is to interview almost twenty-three managers and the people who are responsible for hiring in different software companies that are present in United States and Europe by comparing the results. This will help in identifying the graduates who are struggling to be employed in these companies and the skills that will be required to be hired in the companies (Radermacher, Walia and Knudson 2014). The critical analysis will be a mix of both where the results will help in the identification of the struggle that the graduates face with the use of configuration management systems and the various software tools. It will also identify the lack of experience with respect to experience and the abilities to solve the problems by the recent graduates (Cheng et al. 2015). It was seen that there was a misconceptions among the graduates regarding the development of softwares and the encapsulation process that are used in it. It also helped in finding out the success if the softwares can be shipped with defects. It has been seen that in many researches the students who have graduated immediately from colleges find it difficult to get hold of the first job (Royle and Laing 2014). The problem that was identified was based on the common issues that are experienced by the graduates that were hired recently. The newly hired people had difficulty in communicating and collaborating with their superiors; as they faced problems in understand the type of work that was required in the workplace. The issues that were related to technicality made the graduates experience more problems, as they were not aware of the solutions and how to solve the problems. From the research that was conducted, it was seen that they used a revision control system, as they were facing t rouble at every phase of their work. They even faced trouble using the debugging tools that was used to fix bugs in the various codes of the softwares. This created a problem for the company, as the service to the customers was not done in a proper manner. The work that was done by the employees for the company was incorrect and did not meet the criteria that was required by the customer. This led to a decrease in the productivity level of the companies due to the complexities that the new employees faced in the workplace. This led to a loss in the budget of the company and made the United States and the European firm to incur losses on a huge scale (Mishra 2014). The article has a research based style, which helps in comparing the results of the managers of the companies that has hired recently graduated people as new employees of the firm. The article could have been presented in a better way by interviewing the human resources department, as they are the ones who interview the people before the companies hire them. Thus, it can be concluded that the employees need better training so that the problems and the issues can be fixed in a better way. This will help them in serving the organization in a proper and efficient manner. This will help the companies to increase their profits by long margins, as the employees will be able to achieve more than their productivity level. The training period of the people needs to be for a longer time and based on quality so that they can develop the communicative skill that will be required in the workplace (Cappelli 2014). Disaster Management and Social Media The aim of this article is to identify the social media presence of the Queensland Police Service (QPS) and the conversation that is done both ways between the QPS and the mobile. It will also help in identifying the development that is present in the online community that follows QPS whenever a disaster takes place such as the recent terrorist attacks in Mumbai where the domination of social media was seen as the media coverage by the authorities. The analysis of the article will be done in a positive manner where it will help in establishing the response of QPS whenever a disaster happens in the state (Hughes, Peterson and Palen 2014). QPS follows a process that is well-established in nature because of the drafting and the inflow of information constantly. They follow a model that is reactive in nature so that they can quickly respond to the disasters that are happening in and around the state. It resorts to social media as a tool to reach the public and get the maximum coverage of the media in the shortest time available. They made sure that the videos of the disasters were posted on the social media sites so that it helped in covering the media conferences. This helped the department in many ways, firstly it was seen that they received organizational support from the top levels of the management (Alexander 2014). Secondly, they had undergone a training period for seven months, which helped them in gaining better knowledge on dealing with the disasters. This helped them in tackling two major disasters in the Brisbane area and Queensland, the first was Tasha, a tropical cyclone that bought heavy rain in Central Que ensland and the flash flood that happened in Toowoomba, a tsunami victimized area (Imran et al. 2015). Within a span of twenty-four hours, the likes on the page on the social media increased from 17,000 to 100,000. It also received around 39 million post impressions that was equivalent to around 450 average views with the timeframe. It was possible due to the technological advancements that are present in the area and that the entire population is tech savvy in nature. The media conferences were translated in to different languages so that the people who were affected in those places can benefit them on a major way. The use of social media is beneficial because it helps in the promotion of huge volumes of information to a large base of people at a given point of time. This helps in spreading the news at a faster rate and contains no wrong informations. The page becomes a trusted source to get authentic news and information about the happenings in the community and about the media. It also helps in spreading extra information that is related to the news directly to the communities that they are targeting so that the people do not have to rely on the coverage that is done by the media (De Alburquerque 2015). This helps in saving time to a certain extent. It also helped the police department by disclaiming all the rumors that were posted on the social media with the help of hash tags. It helps in providing immediate feedback about the information that is being posted in the social media pages from the communities. The department helped in providing assistance by creating situational awareness about the locations that were affected in the disaster. This helped in assisting the people of those areas who would not have any means of communication otherwise (Hiltz, Kushma and Plotnick 2014). References Alexander, D.E., 2014. Social media in disaster risk reduction and crisis management.Science and Engineering Ethics,20(3), pp.717-733. Cappelli, P., 2014.Skill gaps, skill shortages and skill mismatches: evidence for the US(No. w20382). National Bureau of Economic Research. Cheng, Y., de Castro, B.V., Montenegro, J.L.V. and Pelmonte, J.A., 2015. The consequences of education mismatch and skill mismatch on employees work productivity: A structural equation model.Luz y Saber,9(12), pp.1-1. De Albuquerque, J.P., Herfort, B., Brenning, A. and Zipf, A., 2015. A geographic approach for combining social media and authoritative data towards identifying useful information for disaster management.International Journal of Geographical Information Science,29(4), pp.667-689. Hiltz, S.R., Kushma, J. and Plotnick, L., 2014. Use of social media by US public sector emergency managers: barriers and wish lists.Proceedings of ISCRAM,279. Hughes, A.L., Peterson, S. and Palen, L., 2014. Social media in emergency management.Issues in Disaster Science and Management: A Critical Dialogue Between Scientists and Emergency Managers. FEMA in Higher Education Program. Imran, M., Castillo, C., Diaz, F. and Vieweg, S., 2015. Processing social media messages in mass emergency: A survey.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR),47(4), p.67. Mishra, K., 2014. Employability skills that recruiters demand.IUP Journal of Soft Skills,8(3), p.50. Radermacher, A., Walia, G. and Knudson, D., 2014, May. Investigating the skill gap between graduating students and industry expectations. InCompanion Proceedings of the 36th international conference on software engineering(pp. 291-300). ACM. Royle, J. and Laing, A., 2014. The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer Model for the communication industries.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), pp.65-73.