What You Dont Know About Quality Article Writing Service Could Be Costing to More Than You Think

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Examples Of Social Prejudice In Jane Eyre - 748 Words

The Victorian Era was known for its propriety, and for its social standards that could be as strict as the caste system in India. Citizens in England of low social regard faced many prejudices and limitations that could be almost insurmountable to overcome. Much like the caste system, people considered to be the dregs of society were often alienated and had little room for opportunity. In Charlotte Bronte’s novel Jane Eyre, the main character, Jane, suffers social prejudice because she is a simple governess, revealing much about the social stigmas about the working class during the Victorian Era. Jane’s social status limits her not only from being with the one she loves, but also hinders her endeavor to achieve true autonomy. To begin, as†¦show more content†¦Though Jane is well educated and possesses the etiquette and training of a person in upper class society, social prejudices limit her because she is simply a paid servant, in their eyes. While at Thornfiel d, Jane falls desperately in love with the owner of Thornfield Hall, Mr. Rochester. Jane is Mr. Rochester’s intellectual contemporary, but her social status prevents her from being his true equal. In the novel, Jane proclaims, â€Å"Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!—I have as much soul as you,—and full as much heart!† (Bronte 637). After Mr. Rochester finally proposes, Jane is hesitant to marry him because she feels as if he would be lowering himself to marry her. This feeling greatly increases after Jane discovers he is married to Bertha Mason, and that he keeps her locked away in Thornfield’s attic due to her insanity. Mr. Rochester proposes that Jane becomes his mistress, which, according to Victorian society, would be more fitting since Jane is a plain governess. Jane realizes that she can never compromise her morals that way and leaves Thornfield. While on her own, Jane s till strives to gain independence, discovers new kin, and learns she has a wealthy uncle who has left her a large inheritance. After her loneliness and longing for Mr. Rochester becomes too great, she returns to Thornfield. Jane isShow MoreRelatedPride And Prejudice And Jane Eyre1681 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte explore social class in a number of different ways throughout their novels Pride and the Prejudice and Jane Eyre. They do this through the use of stylistic devices which in turn appeals to their different audiences. Both Jane and Charlotte are notable writers for their remarkable texts. Jane Austen is known for playing a revolutionary role in the generation of English female literature, which was counteracted by this piece- and Charlotte Bronte alsoRead MoreJane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte1124 Words   |  5 PagesJane Eyre and Pride and Prejudice were written in consecutive literary eras. Pride and Prejudice was written prior to Jane Eyre; Pride and Prejudice was written during the Regency Period and Jane Eyre was written in the Victorian Era (Kalikoff, Chin-Yi). Elizabeth, from Pride and Prejudice, marries a man named Mr. Darcy who was of a higher social class. Jane Eyre marries Rochester after she gains wealth from her uncle so their classes are equa l. Marriage was the survival tool for women; women wouldRead MoreExamples Of Social Class In Jane Eyre1000 Words   |  4 Pages Jane Eyre and Oliver Twist: Defining Class In this paper I will talk about the running theme of social class in the literary works Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte and Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens and how they define social class in the Victorian era in a negative light. In these novels the characters have a hard time reaching a higher social status, and children of lower social class are often treated as animals. In these works of literature both authors depict social class in the Victorian eraRead MoreJane Austen And Jane Eyre1967 Words   |  8 PagesPride and the Prejudice – Jane Austen Jane Eyre – Charlotte Bronte How is social class explored in both texts through the use of stylistic devices and how do the different perspectives help appeal to the audience? Introduction: Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte explore social class in a number of different ways throughout their novels Pride and the Prejudice and Jane Eyre. They do this through the use of stylistic devices, which in turn appeals to their different audiences. Both Jane and CharlotteRead MoreSocial Classes In Pride And Prejudice And Jane Eyre1605 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: In both texts; Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte explore social class in a number of ways. They do this through the use of their stylistic devices and this in turn appeals to their different audiences. Both Jane and Charlotte are notable writers for their remarkable texts. Jane Austen is known for playing a revolutionary role in the generation of English female literature, which was counteracted by this piece- and Charlotte Bronte further developed her feminist thoughts, which haveRead MoreJane Eyre And Great Expectations1192 Words   |  5 PagesJane Eyre Great Expectations Comparative Essay The novels Jane Eyre and Great Expectations both take place in a capitalist society. Marx’s fundamental ideas are prevalent in both novels. Karl Marx is a German philosopher who challenged capitalism with the creation of communism. Marx’s most essential and recognized beliefs are that class creates conflict, modern work is alienating, and class struggle is at the heart of the society. He also believes that individuals affected by capitalism areRead MoreJane Austen And Charlotte Bronte s Social Class1748 Words   |  7 PagesIn both texts, both authors; Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte explore social class in a number of ways. They do this through the use of their stylistic devices and this in turn appeals to their different audiences. Both Jane and Charlotte are notable writers for their remarkable texts. Jane Austen is known for playing a revolutionary role in the generation of English female literature, which was counteracted by this piece- and Charlotte Bronte furt her developed her feminist thoughts, which have beenRead MoreSocial Class - Jane Eyre/Pride and Prejudice1761 Words   |  8 PagesExamine the use of the theme of social class in ‘Jane Eyre’ and how this is illuminated by your reading of ‘Pride and Prejudice’ by Jane Austen. The novel ‘Jane Eyre’ highlights the idea of social class and the position of women in society. It tells the story of how protagonist Jane progresses through different social classes in life, beginning as the low position of an orphan and ending in the higher position of being both wealthy and married. Charlotte Bronte’s own social background was that of beingRead MoreThe Importance Of Wealth And A Consumerist Nation1356 Words   |  6 Pages2015 Social Classholes: The Importance of Wealth Historically and in a Consumerist Nation One of the most important aspects of any novel is the theme. Furthermore, themes that express practicalities that people in the real world deal with regularly are that much more effecting. That’s why novels like Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre are timeless; their themes are extremely important and will forever ring true in society. Most prevalently of the themes in these novels is social classRead MoreJane Eyre: Sexism1879 Words   |  8 PagesIn the cases of Jane Austens novel Pride and Prejudice and Emily Brontes Jane Eyre, the ideals of romantic love are very much the same. In both 19th century novels, womens wants and needs are rather simplified. However, this could also be said for the roles and ideals of the male characters. While it was obvious that this era was responsible for a large amount of anti-female sexism in society and the economy, can it also be said that male-female partnerships were simplified from the male perspective

Nicholas victor or victim Essay Example For Students

Nicholas: victor or victim? Essay I have read Sredni Vashtar, The Lumber-Room and The Holy War and have noticed that they have many similarities. Religion is a theme in all three stories. In The Holy War the title itself has religious connotations, suggesting a conflict over a very important issue, and the hooting of owls is described as Vespers. In Sredni Vashtar Mrs De Ropps Christianity is contrasted with Conradins fierce and impatient religion, while in The Lumber-Room the aunt exploits Christianity in an attempt to frighten the children into obedience. Saki does not deny life a spiritual dimension, but he does not seem to have doubts about the value of conventional Christianity. Nature often seems a more important force in his short stories. In The Holy War the garden and its animals represent nature. Thirza makes improvements, introducing order, monotony and profit, and is appropriately, killed by a wild swan. In Sredni Vashtar, Conradins only companions are a Houdan hen and a polecat-ferret. Nature also takes revenge in this story, Mrs De Ropp being killed by Sredni Vashtar. In The Lumber-Room, depictions of nature- an embroidered hunting scene on a fire-screen and a book about birds- are important elements in the story. Nature seems to be of particular significance in these stories because it appeals to the imagination of males. In The Holy War, Revil Yealmton regards the house and garden as an earthly paradise and his desired land. Conradins imagination, rampant under the spur of loneliness, converts a simple brown ferret in a hutch into his wonderful god. Nicholass imagination gorges itself on the many objects of delight and interest that he discovers in the lumber-room. Imagination helps the males to endure and gives meaning to their lives. All three stories are based on a single struggle between a male and a female, which the female loses eventually. The Holy War is an exception because the struggle there is between husband and wife. As the story is set in the Edwardian period, it is not surprising that Revil, the husband, gets his own way. The other two stories centre on conflicts between male children and female adults who are not their parents. Despite having authority, resources and privileges, the females are deflated and Saki clearly invites us to enjoy the victories of the male underdogs, Conradin and Nicholas. There are, however, major differences between Nicholas and Conradin. Conradin is ill and has only five years to live. He hates his guardian and is desperately lonely. His only two companions are the polecat-ferret and the Houdan hen. He is used to suffering defeat and definitely does not expect to triumph over his guardian. The ending and victory are a major surprise to him and the reader. Nicholas, on the other hand, is not ill or lonely and does not hate his aunt. Victory is not a matter of life and death to him, but he is bored and mischievous and enjoys outwitting his bossy aunt. He is cleverer and more resourceful and resilient than Conradin. The latter is extremely fortunate to receive victory; the former plans and achieves a deserved victory. Despite Nicholass cunning, he is still an underdog and is victimized by his aunt in many ways. She exploits Christianity in an effort to frighten him into obedience and when this fails she punishes him by excluding him from hastily inverted treats. He is also denied small pleasures such as strawberry jam merely out of spite. More important is the lack of stimulation for Nicholass imagination. The house is dull and bare and the aunt does not realize how important it is for childrens lives to be varied and interesting. If the children behaved perfectly all the time, they would never get a special treat. In some ways, then, Nicholas is a victim, but his aunt has not managed to break his spirit.

Traditional Literature Is folk literature too violent

Introduction Folklore as we know it is a form of literature that is legendary in the sense that it was written a long time ago. This form of literature can be in form of folktales, music, sayings, and proverbs depicting the culture and livelihoods of the society. This write up is going to focus on traditional literature in form of folktales that were written a long time ago.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Traditional Literature: Is folk literature too violent? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Of particular interest to this essay is the level of violence depicted in some of the folktales. This essay will argue for the assertion that traditional folktales are violent and that children should not be exposed to such forms of literature. Critical analysis of folk literature Over the years, traditional literature has maintained its originality in form of context therefore, such stories have continuously con veyed issues that were highlighted or issues that were relevant at the particular time when such literature was written. Bearing in mind that human culture and behavior has changed over time, then, traditional literature instigated with the intention of inflicting violence or fear is misplaced in the current society. In addition, most traditional folklores were designed to depict events as they occurred without censoring or editing sensitive portions. Young children up to the age of 13 years are guide by their seniors and as such, if their guardian subjects them to literature that depicts violence or fear, then, they are destined to believe that human beings thrive under violent circumstances or violence and inflicting fear is part of the human culture. For instance, in the fare tale of â€Å"Iron Hans† the author narrates that a long time ago in a particular kingdom headed by a king, a great number of hunts men who were on a war mission disappeared into the forest and they w ere never to be found for many years. The story also illustrates how a naked hand of a wild creature stretches itself out of the deep waters to capture a dog that is never seen again. On another occasion in the tale, Iron Hans injures one of the king’s attendants with the point of a sword. In my view, the writer of this folklore used violence to instigate fear among his readers thus, rendering forested areas as a no go zone. Typically, such a story can install some sense of fear to children thus making them more conscious of forested landscapes or avoiding forested areas. Further, the use of a sword to injure the attendant renders a violent situation that can be explored by children in their quest to experiment on what they read from folklore.Advertising Looking for critical writing on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On another different story of â€Å"Jorinda and Jorindel† the author narra tes of a castle that was somehow bewitched and home to an old fairy that could transform to any form of animal that it so wished to be. The story also talks about the belief that any man who went close to the castle would be stuck until the fairy could set him free. This tale is violent in the sense that it depicts a fairy that can transform itself into various forms, which, under normal circumstances is not possible. It also develops some sense of slavery and anger thus, playing quite negatively on the conscious and subconscious mind of a child. Conclusion In conclusion, it is important to expose children to literature, but at the same time, teachers and parents should be more cautious of the nature and context of the literature available for children. Therefore, based on the level of violence depicted in most folklore, I recommend that children should be shielded from such forms of literature. References Jakob and Grimm Wilhelm. â€Å"Iron Hans†. Grimm’s Fairy Tales. 2006. Web. Jakob and Grimm Wilhelm. â€Å"Jorinda and Jorindel†. Grimm’s Fairy Tales. 2006. Web. This critical writing on Traditional Literature: Is folk literature too violent? was written and submitted by user Kaliyah S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Impact of Olympic Games on Supply Management

The Impact of Olympic Games on Supply Management Abstract The fact that Olympic Games are to be held next year, it is important to analyze some of the issues relating to the supply of products. This also includes factors of importance to the companies as they prepare to have the service delivery of their best suit, as well as, the most vital considerations in the pursuit of such goals (McCarthy, 2011, p.1).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Impact of Olympic Games on Supply Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Here, let me say that London being the host of the great event, it is important for suppliers and companies at large to have the best preparation before the event. This will save them a lot of agony, which could arise from the failure to plan, in addition to constant reaction disparities. Therefore, it is important to focus on some of the factors that the companies might be undergoing in the pre-preparation of the event with regard to the issues tha t are arising to them now, those that will be portrayed in the actual event also the resultant effects of the whole event thereafter. Possessing the knowledge of the markets as it relates to issues of delivery of products precisely supply as well as the factors that affect the channels and modes of supply, the issue of Olympics games in London is of major concern. This is because it raises various sensitive considerations as it pertains to the companies and their readiness for the event. This paper will therefore, seek to answer the question, why do companies seem unprepared for the Olympic Games in London? This will be based on the article provided for review as well as the actual analysis of management issues relating to supply in the usual market and the issue of disaster management. Introduction To begin with, the article analyzes the previous market behaviors as they relate to issues of supply and the essence of future strategic planning. The Olympic season here is compared to Christmas season in terms of companies’ operations requirements (Albert 1). This is because of the peak, with reference to operative considerations of organizations. It is presumed that even though buyers may not feel directly impacted by such occurrences, their respective supply chains are significantly affected.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A managerial perspective of the situation is given by the UK country’s manager Humphries, where he denoted that a greater risk is even projected in a situation where the customer is not preferred by the supplier. This is because in terms of supply, prioritizing the customer will get a very low position and might end up running short of supply or getting none (Blackstone, 1989). The most advised aspect of the companies getting supplies from similar suppliers to those of the Olympics are in the actual sense in a very dangerous position. This is because when it comes to supplying for them as well as the Olympics they may get the second position in priorities. This is a major threat to the supply requirements of the companies, as it would render them unreliable to their customers and eventually losing the customers. The mentioned risk however, can be mitigated through the establishment of better control of inventories, which will help in the elimination of the error of underestimation or overestimation of demand (Sollish Semanik, 2007). The impact of Olympic Games on the supply of products Actually, some companies will choose to take advantage and use the Olympic branded products seeking to obtain maximum demand of the products. However, such companies ought to be extremely careful when it comes to purchasing because of the risk of being new in the Olympics trade. Another risk relating to the use of the branded products is, though at first they may be well selling, and giving appealing ret urns, they might turn to be a very big disappointment after certain occasions. This is with reference to the case of the 2010 rebranded products whose demand significantly fell after England had dropped out of the tournament. However, this should not hinder the suppliers from accessing the benefits of the branded products, but it is only aimed at cautioning them to be flexible and take advantage of supplies when necessary. The issue of disruption however, is not the only concern for the buyers hindering them from preparation of their contingent plans. Other issues have also been playing a role in the interference with such planning. These include the unrest that has been noticed in the United Kingdom, as well as, the issue of weather disparities.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Impact of Olympic Games on Supply Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has been realized that in most cases, organizations ar e not prepared in advance for the day-to-day unforeseen risks. The organizations in the recent past have not been considerate of the disruption impact brought about by the Games. It is further noted in the article that some suppliers who do their businesses in a small scale have not considered the factor of business continuity sufficiency, which is the main threat on the companies not anticipating for wellbeing of the Olympic Games. Effective supply chain aims at eventually getting the operations back up and ensure the sufficient consistency of the operations. The second thing to consider in the discussion on the readiness for the Olympic Games is that of the supply chains. These chains are facing increased pressures and the purchasers should be ready for it. However, as the Olympic Games get closer, it has been noticed that most of the purchasers have realized the potential too late about the essence of disruption of the supply chains. The exception of the percentage of companies t hat are anticipating and preparing for a disruption as it pertains to the games is 40%, and this is a considerably small figure as compared to the initial performances portrayed. A research to identify the notions and perceptions of the purchasers on issues relating to the supply chain showed that more than four fifths did not think there were any problems associated with the supply chain, which in this situation is a very vital issue of consideration as it relates to the companies’ preparedness for the Olympic Games. Further survey showed that 58 percent did not hold any plans that would be of use in the event that such problems came up. Quoting the statement made by John Mile who is a procurement consultant, it is evident that the effects on the supply chains on an issue relating to the supply chains are inevitable.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This time round therefore, during the Olympics it should be among the suppliers’ considerations to meet these inevitable business surcharges and therefore planning for them should be amongst their most recent and considered a list of priorities (Sollish Semanik, 2007). These inevitable surcharges therefore, require the suppliers to plan and ensure that their councils are strategically protected from any risks they might face. The Olympics therefore, might have a big impact on business continuity. It is presumed that due to the issue that will be accruing to the London Olympics, anyone who at that time will be operating business in and around London must have an issue however, adequately they prepare. In the recent past however, some of the internal risks analysis on the forecasting of the Olympic Games have been underway and the main intend of the analysis is looking at the discovery of alternate working ways which may include stock piling the necessary resources before the start of the Games (Sollish Semanik,2007). Let me now focus on some of the major companies in the London markets also those that are intending to be involved in trading during the Olympic Games. Here, a critical look on the Dixons retail, the company feels that it is ready to handle any issues, which might arise relating to matters of operational considerations, as well as, marketing opportunities. They are different in that in their business consideration unlike other companies who give the first priority to the trading aspect and profit maximization, their major focus is on the expectations for a disruption. In preparation for these, they have already built into their initial plans extra capacity for the accommodation of such disruptions as projected concerning the activities of Olympic Games. Supply chains play a major role in the determination of how reactions in the workplace as issues of riots are treated also their effects to a company’s profitability. What remains to be seen is that contingency planning is a major attribute towards the effective decision making also the eventual solution analysis in the companies’ activities. James Jaggard the best way to avoid disruptions is only through building of reliable and considerably good relationships with vendors. The companies that have used this approach in the preparation of the Olympic Games activities feel that their supply chains will not be negatively impacted and business will go on as usual (Sollish Semanik, 2007). An applicable methodology is the utilization of the existing long-term contracts also the existent partnership agreements as possible. This as per the article is aimed at ensuring that the supplier chain changes are greatly limited as they could lead to project delays as well as, an act as a major financial risk. Where there are no flexible vendors, deals like the one mentioned above due to the lack of good relationships with them, Jaggard believes that the place where act ion should begin is at the identification of the strategic also the technical suppliers who are critical to the business. In the advice of Jaggard, it is important to realize that some of the technicalities that can be handled include the measure of capacity and capability, an understanding of the customers of your supply, the understanding of an own spending profile as well and the supplier’s capability of your own (Cavinato, Flynn Kauffman, 2004). The beliefs of purchasers differ significantly in that other purchasers believe that their focus in terms of risks accruing to them is the future prices. However, this can be treated in due consideration of the activities of making strategies that counter the rise in prices in that a reconsideration of the initial specifications of the products and work on re-designing the whole product for the purpose of changing how well it suits the particular market. Considerations The article ends by giving a review of certain considerations , which are the main attributes of impact assessment. These considerations are the activities of the organization to extend lead times with suppliers in advance aiming at factoring in the possible issues. A good example of how this could be done is through the updating of the Information technology system. Secondly, the organizations should seek to find out possible alternatives for transport and the distribution where goods could be delivered effectively whenever the necessity arises as this could curb disruption issues. There is also need to assess the possibilities of business continuity plans of the partners in the supply chain as well as the ones of your own organization. Back-up servers for the protection of the IT department should be harnessed. A given possession of the article portrays that shortage as the case of fuel should be prioritized and curtailed. Too much reliance on a particular vendor should be avoided since this leads to disparity in the sense that it is acknowl edged for dependence by different suppliers to obtain vendors at will (Trent, 2007). Alternative sources of business critical supplies and enhances ease of access. Payment ought to be backed- up also systems to ensure that vendors continue to be paid no matter the payment circumstances. All the above information as it pertains to the article shows the varied impacts of Olympic Games also the levels of preparedness portrayed by companies as pertains the games. However, the analysis does not clarify the essence of management in the case of London companies also the issues of effects has not been clearly brought out as per the different aspects the Games might impact the companies (Sollish Semanik,2007). Therefore, it is important to note that the most suitable steps should be analyzed considering the various contributions of management. In addition to this, it is important to focus on how these vary to suppliers in the case of a great event like the Olympics in London also in ensurin g that the main aspects of preparedness in supplies and factors of forecasting as well as, good strategic planning are in their rightful positions. Supply management concisely describes the process of corporate or institutional buying. This is mainly in terms of buying for internal as well as, external uses of goods and services. In most of the organizational set ups, buying is mainly contractual between the buying and selling parties for the considerable amounts referred to as price (Trent, 2007). This price is in most cases monetary in nature. In the case of Olympic preparation by the London markets, it is important to realize that in the first place, these companies ought to strategize effectively if they are to win the disruption effects, which might arise in the course of service delivery to customers. Before the actual Games, which are due by several months, companies are facing major challenges in terms of forecasting. Here, companies should be in the frontline to work out st rategies, which will ensure that the problems, which might arise in the due course of operations during the Olympics also the events thereafter, are favorable to their operations. Let me say that strategizing gets a bit tricky when location cannot be predetermined (Hayes, Gary, and Upton, 1996). For instance, it is a matter of fact that the companies ought to forecast the places of residence for many fans, which cannot be predetermined as the interest of people, are very dynamic also, every service provider is in the pursuit of giving the best offers to attract the majority of the customers (Cavinato, Flynn Kauffman, 2004). Therefore, it gets very hard for companies to project specific places to work on in terms of analyzing how supplies will be enhanced in the respective places. This therefore, brings a tragedy in that it is also not possible to invest equally in all areas and ensure an analysis of supplies in all areas is intensified. The companies therefore, in preparation for t he Olympic Games are facing major challenges in terms of the ease of analysis of the supply needs as well as lack of adequate resources to help in financing the required activities due to fear of taking the great risk of investment in the activity (Tersine, 1982). The only solution that can be reached in this case is only to ensure that operations at the company’s level are intensified as well as the motivation for companies to take great risks and make major investments. The second perspective to work from is the issue of the problems that the companies might face during the actual games. Here, it is important to realize that since most of the companies will not have effectively strategized, the risk of shortage of supplies is likely to result. There are possibilities that due to congestion in the towns which in fact will result from the population seeking to be part of the competition the issue of poor system of supply may arise. Here, the main considerations are the access ibility of the areas of delivery, which most probably will be less accessible since most of the people will be heading to the outlets to get their shares of products (Simchi-levi Kaminsky, 2004). On the issue of the major outlets, it will be noted that because of congestion, which might reduce the accessibility of the retail areas, people may opt for the major supply areas where congestion will result and the results of congestion are usually reduced levels of efficiency in operations as well as reduced accountability of transactions. Therefore, for those who might not have planned, their purchasers will be prone to failures in accessibility as well as shortages of goods. For those who might have reliable strategies to work with during the period, there is a risk that they might have invested so much in their operational plans that they might not get returns enough to compensate them as well as gaining those profits. In addition, some of the planners might be disadvantaged in that their strategies might work against the actual happenings of the Olympic Games. When such happens, it is a main disadvantage in that the eventual process and costs of the strategy is useless and the financial result could ruin the business due to the failure of returns from an investment (Simchi-levi Kaminsky, 2004). Aftermath of the Olympic Games The third perspective of the Olympic Games is the factors that may affect the companies after the actual Games. Here, the discussion will take three courses. The first one involves the companies that will have participated in the supply during the actual games, secondly will be the companies that had intended to take part but their strategies did not work for the Games and the third group encompasses those that never participated at all. The companies that will be favored by the activates of the Olympic Games are bound to get considerably very high profit returns from it and eventually increase their scope of operations as well as booster their cooperate image which might lead to them extending their functionality globally (Rose and Spiegel, 2011, p.1). Therefore, it is important to note that however, a shortcoming of such participating organization would be a lack of efficient resources to use later, the returns obtained from the venture would be adequate to acquire the organization resources from any location (Cavinato, Flynn Kauffman, 2004). For companies that will have been interested in the venture but their strategies failed them, the makeup activity for them will be a hard one since such risks might end up in giving the company a financial crisis which might end up to the closure of companies that lack a wide market share. However, the companies may recuperate through action of aggressive advertisement to ensure that they re-attain a major market share also to give them the capacity to work for the organizations wellbeing. The third category of the companies in due consideration of the effects of the Olympic Games as forecasted is the group that will not take part at all in the affairs of the Olympic Games (Preuss, 2000). Here, let me say that these companies will be improved in terms of the economies of scale of the other companies but dealing with similar products. Therefore, they will directly benefit from the policies that may be made pertaining to their line of service delivery by the legislation. Conclusion In summation, it is worth to note that supply chains are very sensitive chains in the delivery of service to customers. Therefore, London ought to take advantage of the activity in their country and maximize from the opportunity in that they should allow for more flexible rates and terms of operations during the Games to accommodate a wider audience for business. Reference List Albert, A. 2011. Ready for anything. Supply Chain Management. Web. Blackstone, H. 1989. Capacity Management. Cincinnati: South-Western Publishing. Cavinato, J. L., Flynn, A. E., Kauffman, R. G. 2006. T he supply management  handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hayes, R., Gary, P., and Upton, M. 1996. Strategic Operations: Competing through  Capabilities. New York: Free Press. McCarthy, S. 2011. Sustaining Olympic Sustainability. Supply Chain Management. Web. Pooler, V. H., Pooler, D. J., Farney, S. D. 2004. Global purchasing and supply management. Boston, Mass: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Preuss, H. 2000. Economics of the Olympic Games: Hosting the Games 1972-2000, Petersham, Walla Walla Press. Rose, A., and Spiegel, M. 2009. The Olympic Effect. Centre for Economic Policy Research. Web. Simchi-levi, D., Kaminsky, P., Simchi-levi, E., 2004. Managing the supply chain: the definitive guide for the business professional. New York: McGraw-Hill. Sollish., F., Semanik., J. (2007). The procurement and supply managers desk reference. Hoboken: NJ, J. Wiley. Tersine, R. 1982. Principles of Inventory and Materials Management. New York: Elsevier Science Publishing. Trent, R. J., 2007. Strat egic supply management: creating the next source of competitive advantage. Ft. Lauderdale: Ross Publishers.

Write About Kids and Discover a Pot of Gold

Write About Kids and Discover a Pot of Gold Writing short pieces on kids-related topics is a good way to earn extra dollars as a freelance writer in between writing on longer, more complex projects.    I’m not referring to those long feature articles that child experts often write, but those ideas on children’s crafts, parties, sports, games, educational projects, recipes, short kids’-says, etc. that nearly anyone can write. Have you come up with a solution to end your child’s fear of the boogeyman, for example? Is your five-year-old always saying the cutest things? Well, there’s quick and easy in writing about those things. I began writing short familial or kids’ pieces quite Driving through the South one year with yet another young granddaughter, both of us numbed I wrote about other kid-related incidentsan article for a newspaper about how I remained connected with my twin grandsons in another state when they were young and another for Mature Living about how one preteen granddaughter and I collaborated on writing a middle-grade novel, are but two. My grandchildren are young adults now and my larder of kids’ things to write about is pretty much empty, but for those of you parents-slash-writers (or non-writers) with young children and real-parent advice or ideas on almost anything, a pot of gold (well, almost) awaits you in pursuing these profitable family/child related articles. There are many parenting magazines that deal solely with family/children related features; however, the opportunities don’t stop at THEIR doorstep. Many general magazines, Christian magazines, inspirational magazines, educational magazines, retirement magazines, and even the true romance magazines are always looking for good family/child pieces.    If, like me, however, your children and grandchildren are grown, you can still tap into these markets One of the really neat compensations for writing these short pieces IS the compensation.   I’ve written twenty-page essays that have paid less than what these have paid.   And, if you take into consideration the return of investment vs. the time spent composing these pieces, you definitely come out on top.   Here’s what I mean.   Let’s suppose a kids’ say takes only 20 minutes, give or take, to put together, and pays $50.   If you do three, you’ve earned $150 for an hour’s work.   True, these amusing kids’ quips will not come to you in neat packages of three, but the end-game is still the same$150 an hour.      So, get out your pencil, or crayon, or tap out a few lines on your keyboard and make some fast and easy money writing about and/or for kids. Mature Living- request guidelines Woman’s World- send short kids’ says/anecdotes to Woman’s World, 270 Sylvan Ave., Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632 (magazine can be bought at checkouts in supermarkets)/ pays $50 for kids’ says. Media for Living- mediaforliving.org/contact/ pays around $50 FamilyFun- http://familyfun.go.com/magazine/contact-us-819817/ pays $1.25 per wd., $75 for simply supplying an idea to be written

Manifesto report and Stakeholders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Manifesto report and Stakeholders - Essay Example Energy which is the economic drive is another resource which we have to reduce its uses and try to come up with renewable sources of energy. My government will fund innovations geared towards production of renewable sources of energy. Funding these innovations will be one way of creating employment to the unemployed citizens as well as increasing our nation’s income. This will ensure that we will be having continuous supply of energy to run our nation’s activities be it industrial or official as well more employment opportunities for the unemployed citizens. We are looking forward to subsidize the prices of fertilizers by 10% to make them more affordable to the farmers so that they can produce healthy produce and increase their annual yield. However, it is my wish that we adopt to using manure instead of the inorganic fertilizers which is eco-friendly and very cheap since the manure is readily available in our farms (Fukuoka, 1985). If we will be spending less than we earn, it means that our national income will increase, in which new opportunities will be created leading to employment to thousands to our jobless citizens (Chester , G. A., 2013). This will also mean that the cost of production for the locally manufactured goods will be low hence low inflation. A nation with low inflation rate of less than 5% attracts more investors to come and invest and also enhances its international trade, which is my government’s mission. My government will work hand in hand with the European dimensions as they help us in several ways like teaching us on how the global markets are doing, which product is selling well in the market, reducing levies on European countries hence help in promoting trade amongst its member states. We are ready to work together with European dimension as this means that even labor can be moved from our country to the others at cheap charges which in return will

Solvent and Polarity Effects in Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report

Solvent and Polarity Effects in Thin Layer Chromatography - Lab Report Example The adsorption chromatography is the most common type of TLC that analysts use in the labs to carry out their experiments from the many types of TLCs that exist (Snyder 57). Solvents with low volatility and with low viscosities are mostly used in the TLC experiment. Some of the commonly used solvents in the TLC process include hexane, ethanol, pentane, hydrocarbon mixture, acetone, ethyl acetate and diethyl ether because they are much cheaper and due to the fact that they are non-toxic. The distance that a compound travels on the silicon plate will depend largely on the compound’s affinity for the absorption material (Silicon plate) in comparison with the eluent (the solvent in use). This experiment determines the effect of polarity on elution as well as determines the TLC of an unknown organic compound. 120 mL jars, filter papers, hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, measuring cylinder, silica gel, TLC plates, lead pencils, trans-stilbene, 9-flourenone, benzoic acid, methylyene chloride, spotter and Iodine. 5. In a separate set up, dissolve in a test tube 2 mg of benzoic acid, 9-fluorenone and trans-stilbene in 10 drops of methylene chloride. Label each test tube. Record the observations in each test tube. 6. Use a spotter to apply a little amount of trans-stilbene at the first point on the first line on one plate very briefly using a spotter. Here, the solution should move by capillary action. Similarly, apply some amount of benzoic acid and 9-fluorenone on the second and the third line respectively. Look at the spots under ultraviolet light to see clearly. NB: It is important to protect one’s eyes using a protective device like a goggle to avoid eye contamination from the dangerous ultraviolet rays. Add some little solvent in each line of the plate again if the lines are not clearly visible. Record

How ICT requirements are met in an organisation Essay Example for Free

How ICT requirements are met in an organisation Essay Report B: How ICT requirements are met in an organisation Before Haden was introduced ICT, everything was done by hand. This took longer and was not a reliable method of processing information. Haden has many departments and altogether they have many computers. I am going to only analyse one of those departments because doing the whole building with the number of computers will be ridiculous. The department I will be analysing is the Fraud department. This department deals with all the people committing benefit fraud. They work with the police to get those people in court. The Fraud department found it hard to cope without computers. When the computers were introduced everything was easy. Everything needed ICT. In the Fraud department there are 45 computers. Here are the specifications of the hardware. Hardware Input devices Keyboard- There is 40 standard QWERTY keyboards and 5 ergonomic keyboards. Ergonomic keyboards are QWERTY but the layout is different. The keyboards connect by PS/2 port. Mice- There is 45 standard mice. These come as default on all the computers. The mice connect also connect through PS/2 port. Digital Cameras- These cameras are devices that can take photos or moving images (films) and transfer them on to a PC. The images are JPEG, GIF, UGA, UFO or PSO. There are a total of 4 cameras in the department. The digital cameras connect to the via USB port. Scanners- There is 2 scanners in the department and they also transfer images to the computer. They work like photocopier but can transfer the images to a PC. This device also connects through USB port. Web Cams- The web cams are used to project moving images on to the internet. Only 7 computers have these and they are only used for handling confidential documents. The web cams connect to the computers by the USB port. The web cams are used for personal use. Well, thats what I think! An input device is something that transfers raw data into a computer for it to be processed. These can include images and evidence from fraud suspects. Output devices Monitors- There is 45 monitors. 5 flat screen monitors, also know as LCD (liquid crystal display) screens and the rest are standard default monitors which are CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors. The monitors connect through the serial port. Colour printer- The colour printers are used to print documents with Hadens header on them. The colour makes it more professional. The printers connect through the LPT or parallel port. These are the main output devices. They take raw information/data and give it back to us processed. Every computer has many different specifications inside and outside. The computers are all the same so it will be easy to describe them. Below are the specifications. Compaq Deskpro 40 GB Hard drive CD/CD-RW Drive Floppy Drive Zip Drive 512 mb DDR RAM 64 mb DDR Geforce 4 graphics card Creative soundcard Ethernet Card Modem port 4 USB 2. 0 ports 2 serial ports 2 LPT/parallel ports 2 Fire wire ports 2 PS/2 ports 1 game pad port 1 Network port The hard drives are big so that a lot of data can be stored. But there is a downfall to that. It is easier for files to get lost and the file security is not great. The RAM is a ridiculously large. It seems like the computers are made to play games and not do work. This also applies for the graphics card. It also has a large card memory. Most of it is wasted because it is not being used. The department can save a lot of money they had computers which are a bit lower on the specifications. (RAM, Graphics card etc) As all the computers are same, it is easy for me to describe only one of the computers specifications because they have the same specifications like the other computers in the department. There is a large server for the department. The server is very fast and quick. Below are the server specifications. Intel Pentium 4 M 3. 0 GHz processor memory 1024 mb DDR RAM 120 GB Hard drive Tape drive CD/CD-RW Drive Floppy Drive All the computers are Compaq brand. They are reliable and safe to use. Software The computers have different software installed on their hard drives. The computers are new. They have Microsoft Office 2002 installed on their hard drive. They also have other programs like anti-virus. Microsoft Word- This is the default word processing application. It is easy to use and it has many features like recording macros and inserting pictures. Microsoft Excel- This application is installed on the system but it is not used often. It may be used to do calculations for wages and salaries. I am not very sure what it is used for in this department. Microsoft Access- This application is not used. Database- Haden have there own database. It is very complicated to use their database. It comes up as a black screen with white writing. Almost like MS-DOS on old computers. The database holds information of people that have benefits and that commit fraud. You have to be trained to use the database because it is so complicated. This is what I think are in the databases: Name, address, post code, county, age, gender, contact details, national insurance number etc. Outlook Express- Easy to use and is fast for sending and receiving information. The e-mail is not for personal use. The companies boss can other employees can read the personal e-mails. Information is not confidential so it is a great and fast method of transferring data. Internet Explorer is used to surf the web for web related fraud. The internet has a special tracking device that seeks out people using other peoples insurance numbers and other details to get money. Intranet- All the computers are linked to an intranet. The intranet is a small network that only the company personnel can enter. No one from the outside, like me, can enter the intranet. Some of the files are password protected and only those who have the password can enter. Others are common files that everyone linked to the intranet can access. All personnel have their own password. They also have a card key that is used to enter the PC otherwise they do not have access. Norton System works is an antivirus application. All the computers have this software to protect against viruses. There is however a disadvantage. There is no internet firewall. Although one will be installed soon, the security is at risk and therefore hackers can enter easily. Evidence Eliminator is an application that is used to destroy unwanted fraud evidence from the Fraud departments computers. The evidence will no longer be available for hackers. Evaluation Hadens use of ICT is excellent. They are faster now than before computers were introduced. The department of Fraud has found that using ICT is a must for them. Most of it is writing up databases. They have improved in using their own database that has outstanding security due to it being hard to use. There are several advantages and disadvantages. The main one is that the computers can get out of date and will require fixing all the time. Another disadvantage is in the Fraud computers the security is not that good. Hackers can attack it easily. The evidence eliminator application will have to be used several times because there is no firewall and hacker can attack any time. The Fraud department has to step up its security to insure that it is safe to transfer files through the networks. Overall, the organisation has improved in keeping things up to date. The security has to improve for the internet, other than that; the company is sophisticated and well improved.

Essay --

The All American Dog has a long history that’s been forgotten by America today. The American Pitbull Terriers use to be a World War I, â€Å"Mascots of neutrality and bravery.† Today they are seen almost like a convict in public waiting to commit a crime and keep their distance from them. The breed is one of the smartest breeds out there in the world today proven by the Canine Temperament tests, American Pitbull Terriers score above average higher than any other dogs. Pit Bull Terriers are part of American history due to their powerful physical characteristics and strong bonds of loyalty, however, recent media focus have tarnished changed this breed’s image unfairly. The American Pitbull Terrier originated from Europe, Scotland, and Ireland in the eighteenth century. The American Pitbull Terrier came from mixing terriers with bulldogs a, â€Å"Breed historians believe originally served as a gripping dog for hunters of large game.† They use to let about four Pitbulls at once and attack a bull for entertainment. They later saw it as a sport, â€Å"These dogs were used in the blood sport of bull and bear baiting.† As they fought against bears, bulls, and other large animals. The American Pitbull Terriers, â€Å"maintained their grip until the animal became exhausted from fighting and loss of blood.† soon after they banned the inhumane sport in the 1835. Soon, dog fighting became very popular, exciting and entertaining to see as the wining dog was, â€Å"Celebrated and held up as heroes for their courage and fortitude during battle.† Selective breeding started that way their dog would be easily handled and obey owners. The y received the name for being trained to fight in pits with other dogs mostly of their own breed; after baiting was banned they got the b... ...sible, abusive, forgets, and reckless towards the dog, â€Å"A bad stereotype that has come because a lot of times they are raised wrong.† The breed was a very important breed to America that was looked up to, as of now some states ban owning an American Pitbull Terrier. The breed is part of the nations upcoming and history that many are terrified of to even pet the exploring, loving, and friendly All American Dog they are. The fighting dogs were also known to change their habits with new responsible owners and created a very loving bond as if they never fought before. Today, American Pitbull Terriers aren’t allowed to enter most dog contests due to the false myths the media has created and irresponsible owners. The now infamous American Pitbull Terrier has developed a bad reputation since the eighties that some people are slowly changing back to our All American Dog.

Marxist Theory on Crime and Punishment Essay

Marxist Theory and Crime and Punishment Throughout human history countless philosophers have risen with what they thought to be the best form of government for society as a whole. Karl Marx may be the most influential philosopher in Russian history. According to The Free Dictionary, Marxism is the concept that â€Å"class struggle plays a central role in understanding society’s allegedly inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism to a socialist and ultimately classless society†. With this theory, Marx had a great impact on Russian literatureÍ ¾ specifically, Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment. According the the Marxist theory, one would interpret Crime and Punishment as a perfect example to the rise of communism. This novel embodies the Marxist theory because it is a proclamation of a proletariat, being that Raskolnikov is out of place in society, struggling from a paralyzing poverty and has a craving for fighting for the common goo d among a society of unjust people. According to the Marxist theory, deviance is an understandable response to poverty. Throughout the novel, there are many instances where Raskolnikov, along with other characters in the novel, suffer from poverty and in return take drastic measures. For instance, Sonya Marmeladov, a good ­willed, religious beauty, turned to prostitution in order to help her family stay afloat. Even laying down, â€Å"thirty rubles on the table†, could stop the children from crying from starvation, and keep a roof over their heads a little longer (1.2.20). Furthermore, poverty becomes a part of Raskolnikov

Jesters Pies

The report examines an in depth analysis of the Jesters Pies and its brand equity in the market. The report also looks at the brand associations of the product through which it is being recalled by the consumer. Interviews will be taken by consumers of Jesters Pies in order to get an understanding of the brand association. This will show what consumers feel, think and do with the brand. The report will also look at the elements that make the brand up and make it was it is which includes the logo, URL , name and slogan. This is an important part of a company because if these elements aren’t used in a correct way then there is a higher chance the brand won’t be as successful. Having an effective name, logo and slogan can have a huge effect, just look at Nike and their ‘tick’ symbol. The third part of the report will focus on the Jesters marketing programme. This includes an analysis on the product, pricing, communication and distribution of the brand. This is more about how the company operates in actual business rather than what the consumers think about the brand of the company. Finally to wrap the Jesters report up recommendations will be made to the CEO of the company. These will be based on the consumer knowledge and marketing evaluation. These recommendations will be made so the company can use them in the future to help improve their business and overall brand. Company Profile Jesters are a franchising company in New Zealand who are specialist in making and selling pies. Their menu ranges from the traditional Beef Pie to the not so traditional Spud Delux. Their company motto sums them up pretty well; â€Å"serious about pies†. Jesters are New Zealand wholly owned and managed Pie Company. However the first original concept of it was started in Perth in 1997 when the idea of making the finest, healthiest pies in the market, was first created. Jesters pride their Jaffle Pie range to be of good quality, fresh, taste and health. Jesters are located in four cities nation wide which includes Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington and Dunedin. With the first being opened in 2002 at Lynn Mall shopping centre. The business is spreading fast with 34 stores being opened in Western Australia and many more planned. The reason for success Jesters feel is because of the niche $1 billion fast food industry, which they feel, is growing fast. Also because of the uniqueness of the brand and products for sale are new and interesting for the consumer. With over 15 varieties of pies Jesters feels there is something for everyone. The company also caters for your family or a party along with the sit in restaurant layout. The company promises to the customer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ you’ll never stop at one!† (Jesters, about Jesters, 2007) Analysis of Marketing Mix Product Jesters Pies is a unique company in the New Zealand market. Even though the product they are selling is just a pie, which can be brought from any bakery, it is the first to sell them in a fast food style restaurant. Jesters Pies offers 15 varieties of pies which appeal to a wide variety of customers. This is important because you want to cater to as many people as possible so you get more customers. Jesters also diverse their product from other pies by confidently saying that theirs are the healthiest and finest in the market. Another attribute of the pies is that the filling is low fat, lean meats and fresh vegetables, which you probably couldn’t say about your local bakery pie. The final attribute of the product is no artificial colourings, preservatives and MSG are used. This is a good look for the product as it has become so important for consumers in recent times to eat healthy, fresh food (Jesters Pies, 2007). Price Pricing is very important for a brand as it can create associations in the mind of the consumer. It can also be used to build brand equity. So a company needs to price its products correctly in order to get the most out of the consumer. Jesters’ pies are ranged from $3.50 to $4.10. With the $3.50 pies being the classic beef, mince and bacon and egg and the more expensive pies are the fancier ones with more ingredients such as the Popeye which contains spinach mushroom and feta. The pricing strategy they have I feel is good as the consumer gets what they are paying for. The pies are more expensive than the bakery, but are of much better quality and better ingredients are used. Distribution Channel Distribution can have a huge effect on the equity and success of a brand. Distribution is so important because it is the process of getting the product to the consumer. Jesters use a direct channel method to distribution where they sell their product straight to the consumer through their stores. This is probably the most effective way for a brand like Jesters .Jesters Pies stores can be found around New Zealand and in some parts of Australia. They are located in four cities in New Zealand. However all the stores in the Auckland area are found a long way out from central Auckland, with only one store being located in the CBD. However they do have stores located throughout the country so their distribution is pretty good. Promotion/Marketing Communication Promotion and marketing is very important for almost every brand in any industry. Without it you would not be able to get your product into the market and gain awareness from your potential consumers. Jesters have not done a huge amount of advertising that we could recall or find. From what we did find was mostly advertising for magazine and billboards. This could be one reason for the fact that their brand awareness amongst consumers is not very strong. Television is the strongest form of media and is the best for developing a brand image and creating awareness. However even without this the brand seems to be getting more popular which could be put down to things such as word of mouth. With a bit more promotion and marketing the brand could become very popular as it is a unique fast food outlet. Brand equity for Jester Pies Brand equity is an intangible asset that depends on associations made by the consumer. There are various perspectives from which to view brand equity. Brand equity just does not include the value of the brand, but it also includes the value of proprietary technologies, patents, trademarks and other intangibles like manufacturing know how (article 1). So in case of jesters pies, jesters jaffle pies are not oven baked like traditional pie, but they are cooked in a unique jaffle pie makers using ultra-thin light puff pastry and finest quality natural ingredients. Therefore the the difference in technical know how adds to the brand equity of the product. (article2.) Another way to measure the brand equity is the financial aspect of the brand. In this case one way to measure brand equity is to determine the price premium that the brand commands over a generic product. In case of jester’s pies, the pies are priced at $ 3.40 which is normally higher than most of the pies in the market place. As jesters pies have positioned itself as a quality product and people are also willing to pay more for a quality product, it commands high brand equity. Brand equity also represents the added value endowed to a particular product or a service as result of past investments in the marketing of the brand. (Article 1). In case of jesters pies it commands very good brand equity due to its advertising and promotion. Jesters pies has used three mediums of advertising that is print radio and TV. Brand equity also helps the brand to grow globally.( article 1) As jesters pies is a successful brand in Australia, it can use its good brand equity to expand further in new Zealand and other countries as well. Brand Associations These are the things that consumer relates or associate when they think about the brand. It can be how the brand makes them feel, what they think of the brand, what comes to their mind when they think of the brand or even what they do with the brand. The interviews were limited as we only interviewed four people, however the information we got back was good as all consumers had pretty similar answers. This shows that the consumers are all getting similar associations with the Jesters Pies brand. From the answers to the interviews we came up with the following brand associations. †¢ People are aware of the jesters pies because of its logo and the colours used in it. †¢ Most of the people when asked about jesters pies, they have a positive response like, ‘good quality for the price’. So they provide incredible value for money by giving fresh, quality natural ingredients. They also provide fresh vegetables, lean meats and guarantee every pie meets health standards. †¢ People are also attracted towards jesters pies are because of the variety of the pies and value meals the company provides. †¢ People associate jester’s pie as specialised pie outlet. †¢ Most people think jesters as a healthy meal which is free of artificial flavourings, colourings and MSG. †¢ People don’t associate jester’s pie with its other products like sausage rolls, wedges, or coffee. But they feel that some changes can be made by introducing chips to the menu. Recommendations This report has analysed the Jesters Company. It has looked not only the marketing programme side but also the side of the consumer. From what we have found from looking at these components the following recommendations can be made- †¢ Firstly from what was gathered in the interviews not a lot of the consumers had seen much Jesters advertising and if they had it wasn’t very effective. Jesters should start advertising through the most effective medium, TV, this will increase brand awareness. †¢ Another recommendation follows on from the previous one. Jesters need to develop more awareness amongst its target customers. From people we have spoken to a lot of them were unaware of Jesters pies and the brand itself. In order to be successful brand awareness needs to be built up amongst the potential customers. †¢ Another issue gathered from the interviews was that the people who consumed Jesters said they were limited because of the lack of restaurants in handy locations. Perhaps to get more out there in the market they could locate some stores in key areas like around universities and more locations in the CBD

Solutions to Mass Media Censorship Essay

Solutions to Mass Media Censorship Essay Solutions to Mass Media Censorship Essay Solutions to Mass Media Censorship Essay Censorship is the repression of information and ideas that flow from society. The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the known body that mandates censorship in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) (Guo Feng, 2012). In this regard, China offers a captivating case study for students, particularly on the relations between political processes, actors, and organizations. Currently, the People’s Republic of China is apprehensive with issues of supremacy, political and economic value, including authority and legitimacy that focus on leadership (King, Pan, Roberts, 2013). Since communication processes affect these matters, it is not surprising that the state devotes considerable attention to the operation of the media. Additionally, the international websites, chat rooms, discussion groups, and newspapers published outside of China provide an immense amount on the need to be pessimistic. According to MacKinnon (2008), there has been a trend in the dismissal the Chinese journalists, beating them, or imprisoning them. This matter follows the forced closure of the newspapers because the media have argued against the philosophical position of the Great Firewall that blocks access to the World Wide Web for the information-starved Chinese. For instance, critics were behind Southern Weekend in 2001 for publishing detrimental reports to the government as such a publication led to the dismissal of the chief editor (Shirk, 2007). Forms of Censorship However, there are implications that the media are prepared to challenge the central censorships over their work following the recent reports that suggest the outbreak of a guerilla war between journalists and the communists. As a result, thirteen veterans of politics and propaganda in China (PPC) responded by publishing a letter (Tai, 2014). In the correspondence, the leaders called for easing of censorship and new laws to protect press freedom. This paper discusses censorship in the mass media sector and the possible solutions for the control, focusing on all the major forms of suppression in the mass media Political Censorship One of the forms of Censorship witnessed in China is political censorship. This type is viewed as an initiative to ensure the continued rule of the Communist Party (Lorentzen, 2014). In addition, it helps to avoid unapproved reformists from organizing their activities and disseminating their ideas. Furthermore, the censorship inhibits the Chinese people from learning more about the past and current problems facing the CP, which is likely to spur anti-government rebellion (Tai, 2014). In the same context, measures such as hindering access to websites of foreign governments may deny the citizens access to substitute governance forms. The Chinese Internet politics follows a different ideology that is beyond historical experiences with the external encroachment of the territories during the century of humiliation (MacKinnon, 2008). Moral Censorship This category of censorship is primarily utilized to avert political conflicts from occurring in the context of China’s social environment (Tai, 2014). In most occasions, the citizens have the freedom to discuss affairs of state on the internet; however, particular websites containing information that criticizes the administration are blocked for access. Moreover, there is some censorship occurring in China that upholds morals such as limitations on pornographic content and violent films (King, Pan, Roberts, 2013). Corporate censorship Guo Feng (2012) define corporate censorship as the process by which editors in corporate channels disrupt the process of publishing the information that portrays business partners negatively. The process also intervenes to avoid alternate offers from reaching civic exposure. In the Chinese mass media, this kind of censorship takes the pre-production stage that outlets segments and information before reaching the public (Shirk, 2007). Cultural Censorship The Chinese authorities adopt the use of this censorship to safeguard the development of the citizens and the whole country. In the course of the Cultural Revolution, overseas artistic works and literature, religious texts, and relics of the antique Chinese art were considered backward-looking; thus, they were slated for destruction (King, Pan, Roberts, 2013). The destruction of foreign cultural artefacts continues in present day China, whereby, although China has improved in terms of cultural freedoms, foreign cartoons are being banned on primetime television. In addition, the country has placed restrictions on foreign films screening. These are manifestations of cultural censorship in China (Guo Feng, 2012). Religious Censorship Religious censorship has influenced the ban of several religious manuscripts, pamphlets and materials containing religious content in the PRC. As a result, foreigners are proscribed from preaching in PRC. Moreover, the availability of information regarding the manner in which some religious groups operate is limited. According to Lorentzen (2014), the spiritual movement is being subdued in China, as it is evident by banning religious materials and information belonging to the group together with the torture and incarceration of its followers. Nevertheless, the printing of Christian Bibles is permitted albeit on a limited scale (Tai, 2014). Economic Censorship This suppression is used for fiscal protection. Furthermore, the formal rejection of most foreign films barely has an impact on the Chinese. Such films can be obtained in copyright illegal downloads, permitting the Chinese to watch such films in an affordable way, while at the same time ensuring that the money remains in their economy. According to Tai (2014), the Chinese prohibition on social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube took place with an aim of granting the Chinese websites competitive advantage over other rival foreign websites. Similarly, China has been criticized for applying double standards for its ban on Google on grounds of obscene content, while the same content can also be seen in Baidu, which is Google’s competitor in China (Lorentzen, 2014). Preproduction Censorship Preproduction topic approval is also another form of media censorship witnessed in China that involves the government censors segments and information prior to its distribution. Preproduction censorship in China is prevalent in all forms of media, including print, television, and film industry. For instance, scripts for television drama and films must be approved prior to their production (Lorentzen, 2014). Possible Solutions Technological Approach One of the possible solutions that should be considered is coming up with a framework for implementation of due processes for dealing with internet dissidents (MacKinnon, 2008). For that reason, there has to be compliance with the law where the structure must be acknowledged under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Therefore, the amendment of the International Telecom Regulation has to occur to reduce media governance. The flow of information changes rapidly because the Chinese state employs more sophisticated controls to curb these barriers (King, Pan, Roberts, 2013). Concerning the subject of discussion, the internet is the newest form of information dissemination that has caused a threat in the view of CCP. Consequently, as the evolution of the information technology is on the rise, the state authorities develop innovative solutions to counter the rapid spread (Tai, 2014). For example, there is the need for a constant state presence through the vigilance of cyber police i n supervising the internet and its chat rooms. On the same note, the introduction of regulations designed to restrict online content can be helpful. Such regulations require website operators that keep content records and user identities. Legal and Institutional Approach to Censorship The state exercises several legal and institutional methods to provide a solution that can lead to effective control of the flow of information and to restrict the independent operation of the media. The constitution of China guarantees various freedoms to the citizens. However, the same law sets the pretext for suspension of the named freedoms through liberal act more so during the violation of the rights (Shirk, 2007). More to say, the state exercises the multitude of criminal and administrative regulations to consolidate its power. The media has to take into consideration that any information can be classified as state secret if the regulatory body determines it to be harmful to the nation’s interest. In fact, journalists have to seek permission from a government related agency prior to publication if the subject concerns the government personnel and institutions (King, Pan, Roberts, 2013). This solution can lead to control and delay of information by the regulatory bodies . Another solution that the government considers in suppressing the media is the use of structure and organization of its media regulatory bodies (Guo Feng, 2012). In this manner, the Central Propaganda Department has the responsibility of promoting the party’s ideologies and legality projects. This organization manages three major media organizations such as the State Press and Publication Administration, the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television, ant the Ministry of Information Industry (MacKinnon, 2008). The Chinese government owns all these media production companies. Through this ownership, the country has the power over the media market. The department, therefore, requires members of the press to undergo re-education on the role of CPP leadership, socialism, and media regulations. Economic Approach to Censorship The Chinese state employs economic solution over the media to maintain its power. Since the economic changes, the state no longer subsidizes the media. Instead, the country has urged the industry to focus on marketing that may generate profit for the sustenance of the company’s operations (King, Pan, Roberts, 2013). Just like other organizations, the press industry needs to set up the mission, vision, and the aims of the organization. For example, The Party’s Making Media Big and Strong policy of January aims at promoting the creation of powerful and profitable domestic media that are ready for global competition (Shirk, 2007). Moreover, the print media at the city, provincial, and central levels should be reorganized into media groups to strengthen the press industry financially and to consolidate leadership politically. The success of the CPP’s media controls is caused by the fact that freedom of information claims its power and legitimacy. Information is the significant control of the political reforms because it gives the masses the knowledge of their conditions and the evidence of the state’s efforts to interfere with that information. Knowledge can lead to political mobilization and regime change. The party recognizes susceptibility of its position in the face of truth; therefore, it devotes mass energy and resources to control information. In China, the state develops vital censorship mechanisms that aim to regulate freedom of information through legal, political, technological, and economic channels. The state generates a repressive legal environment for the media and constructs an oppressive political habitat for official and self-censorship through ownership of the nation of the media and financial incentives. To conclude, the state increases its reach into cyberspace with an e xplosion of the internet as a medium for information dissemination.

Proportionally Resize an Image (TBitmap)

Proportionally Resize an Image (TBitmap) In graphics programming a thumbnail is a reduced-size version of a picture. Heres an idea for your next application: create a form picker to let users easily select and navigate through open forms by displaying thumbnails of them all in a dialog window. Interesting idea? Sounds like the Quick Tabs feature of the IE 7 browser :) Before actually creating such a neat feature for your next Delphi application, you need to know how to grab the image of the form (form-screen shot) and how to proportionally resize it to the desired thumbnail image. Proportional Picture Resizing: Creating Thumbnail Graphics Below you will find a block of code to take the image of a form (Form1) by using the GetFormImage method. The resulting TBitmap is then resized to fit the maximum thumbnail width (200 pixels) and/or height (150 pixels).Resizing maintains the aspect ratio of the image. The resulting image is then displayed in a TImage control, named Image1. const   Ã‚  maxWidth 200;   Ã‚  maxHeight 150; var   Ã‚  thumbnail : TBitmap;   Ã‚  thumbRect : TRect; begin   Ã‚  thumbnail : Form1.GetFormImage;   Ã‚  try   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  thumbRect.Left : 0;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  thumbRect.Top : 0;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  //proportional resize   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  if thumbnail.Width thumbnail.Height then   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  thumbRect.Right : maxWidth;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  thumbRect.Bottom : (maxWidth * thumbnail.Height) div thumbnail.Width;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  end   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  else   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  thumbRect.Bottom : maxHeight;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  thumbRect.Right : (maxHeight * thumbnail.Width) div thumbnail.Height;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  end;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  thumbnail.Canvas.StretchDraw(thumbRect, thumbnail) ; //resize image   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  thumbnail.Width : thumbRect.Right;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  thumbnail.Height : thumbRect.Bottom;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  //display in a TImage control   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Image1.Picture.Assign(thumbnail) ;   Ã‚  finally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  thumbnail.Free;   Ã‚  end; end; Note: The GetFormImage only copies the form client area - if you need to take the entire screen shot of a form (including its border) youll need a different approach ...more about it next time.

Motivation in the NHS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Motivation in the NHS - Essay Example The new concepts which are incorporated into the NHS are now including resources, funding allocated to assist with services and the building of communities which can assist with the needs in health care and the concepts associated with this. Connections to corporations as well as physicians are furthering the success of this organization while allowing new funding and high performance to be associated with the main corporation (NHS, 2011). While there are several opportunities available for NHS, there are also curtain standings that are altering the way in which the corporation functions and what is available for those in need of health assistance. The main concept that is now being initiated is linked directly to the government, which is moving into a reform with the service. This is designed to offer equitable solutions for those who are in need of health care. The initial structure of the NHS is linked to the governmental sector, making all restrictions and obligations with polici es and reforms directly responsible for those who are involved in this movement. Legitimacy that is associated with health costs, regulating healthcare providers and liberating the restrictions that are associated with the NHS are the three main objectives of the government and the link to NHS. The main ideal is to keep the standards of equity while ensuring that each individual that links to the NHS is able to receive the comprehensive health care needed (DH, 1: 2011). The liberation which is being structured with government policies and concepts is furthered by the structure which is continuing to grow with the NHS. The first is based on the main structure. This is divided first by the... This paper stresses that the various concepts which are associated with motivation among the National Health Service employees is based on various dimensions which continue to affect the interactions of those which are involved with the professional concepts of the industry. When looking at the interactions, it can be seen that there is a direct relationship to the economic and political shifts. These are each involved with motivations that come from policies, expectations in the industry and the involvement which individuals have in the profession to receiving benefits in terms of political and economic opportunities. This reprot makes a conclusion that there are considerations within the NHS, specifically because of the structure and relationship which is associated with the health care industry. The current structure is one which provides human resource management tools to customers, other health care assistants and from the governments. The constraints of this are related to the policies and political agendas that come from each of these branches of the NHS. There are also constraints with the economic expectations and how this relates to the overall industry. For the NHS to begin to change, there is the need to look at the motivational factors within health care, specifically in relation to the policies and how this affects the human resources, available opportunities for those involved with the NHS and the abilities which are a part of growth in the industry. By understanding these different levels, changes can be made in terms of motivation and how individuals and customers now relate to the health care industry.

Income Statement - Ford Motor Company Assignment

Income Statement - Ford Motor Company - Assignment Example Income statement is different from the balance sheet because the latter represents a single instance of time (for example, a week). Income statements are for a longer time period that is a year or quarter of a year (Pandit and Phillips, 2004). The term revenue is the amount of money received after selling a product or providing a service. Revenues are mentioned in the start of an income statement. They also represent the total sale made by a company in a time. The revenue generated once calculates, helps in determining the profits made by a company. This covers all the expenses in maintaining a business. The cost for the operational unit of the business is also added in this. Operating expenses include the money spent on market research, development of products, marketing and promotion of goods and services and intellectual property rights (patents, trademarks etc.). Some items that are not accurately measured may not be reported (Garrison et al. 2003). After having calculated the total revenue and expenses incurred, it becomes easy to calculate profit. Profit is revenue minus total expenses. They are referred to as the bottom line of an income statement because unlike revenues that are reported at the top of the income statement, profits are reported at bottom (Ford Motor Company Annual Report, 2012). An analysis of Ford Motors Company’s income statement from year 2012 shows the following facts. The total revenue was $133,559,000. The cost of revenue was $116,107,000. The gross profit was $17,452,000. Amongst the operating expenses, the amount spent on research and development is Zero$. The net income is $5,665,000. The net income to include extra expenses is 5,665.0 $. The net income excluding extra expenses is 5,665.0 $. This shows that throughout these years (2011-2014) the company has shown impressive growth. The company has been successful in reducing the percentage of sales for income tax

Journal Entry 14 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal Entry 14 - Coursework Example The second stage involves discussion between the instructor and the student whereby the importance of effort and motivation in writing is encouraged. Thereafter, the instructor comes up with a model on how to employ self-regulation strategies to reflect the needs of the student and match their personal writing style. The student is encouraged to memorize the strategy steps and the teacher in turn supports the writing strategy of the student to ensure that they achieve their goals. Independent performance is the last stage whereby students can now use the strategy they developed effectively and independently. In this last stage of independent performance, there are several procedures for endorsing preservation and simplification throughout the model. Some of the procedures include prompts to use the strategies, recognizing opportunities in employing self-regulation strategies, studying how the procedure can be adapted in certain situations, allocating assignments to the students in using the recognized situations and assessing the triumph of such undertakings (Graham & Harris,

The Workplace As An Effective Learning Space Education Essay

The Workplace As An Effective Learning Space Education Essay Introduction Nowadays society, peoples understanding of learning space is no longer just confined to traditional areas of school education, but extends to all aspects of society. The workplace as an effective learning space, and its learning behavior has arouse widespread attention by educational theory and practice workers. Workplace learning as a form of learning, compared with traditional corporate training, not only improve employee skills to complete certain tasks, improve employee performance, change employee behavior and attitudes, but also to enhance overall quality of the employee, to enhance their knowledge to adapt to globalization and other external and internal environment change. Workplace learning is different from traditional forms of learning and training, it connected learner and worker, emphasizing to train the core competence, and get more and more attention. The rapid development of science and technology to accelerate the change cycle of the knowledge,also makes the work of those who need to use extensive knowledge or the main work is create knowledges employee face enormous pressure to update their knowledge and career development pressure. Especially the knowledge workers retraining and learning become the enterprise very concerned and attention problem. In the 1960s, the famous American scholars Foster once pointed out: the trainee get the employment opportunities in the labour market and the development prospects of taking office, is a key factor in the development of vocational education.Practical courses should be carried out within the enterprise, As far as possible reduction the distance between the regular school and the actual working situation.If you want to have some professional ability, it is necessary to participate in a solid and extensive vocational training; If you want to keep this professional ability and obtains the success in the future work, we must continue to develop own ability. Workplace learning is becoming an important form of lifelong learning. Many soft skills. Such as the ability to communication with others, methods ability, teamwork spirit, initiative and innovative spirit and so on.Its often acquisition in the work of informal learning rather than in formal education and training environment. Workplace learning challenge to the traditional education and the training system in some inherent formed. The concept of workplace learning Billet defines workplace learning as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is a way to participate in real task and members of skilled guidance of the activities directly or indirectly, acquire knowledge and skills in ways. (Billet 1993)  [1]   He put the knowledge of the study were divided into three types: 1. The declarative knowledge is the answer to what it is of the kind of questions. That the information on what things is. This kind of knowledge learning is the memory process. 2. The procedural knowledge is complete how do it of the kind of tasks. Must be demonstrated through practical activities. Such knowledge is the result of repeated practice and practice. 3. The tendentiousness knowledge is decided to do or not do, do what. For example. A person not willing to do something is hard to do it well. Do not even do it. Tendentiousness knowledge is the product of individual long-term emotional experience. In the workplace learning, procedural knowledge often can be directly observed, and conceptual knowledge of the content is rather ambiguous. Orientation determines the first two types of knowledge while knowledge creation, learning and use. Only three types of knowledge with each other in order to become full sense of the knowledge, have real value. According to the perspective of Mansfield, who defines workplace learning from the angle of skill, workplace learning is study method of learners developing working operational capacity in workplaces(Mansfield 1991)  [2]  .He points out that four forms of skills are required in work of learners: technical skill. task management skill. the capacity of planning. deciding,prioritizing and managing emergencies as well as role and environmental skills. He also stresses that the skill is integrated with important components of comprehension, emotion, value and emotional stability etc. A German professor Rauner raised five stages from freshman to expert, and each stage which people are moving forward to requires different knowledge: Know about orientation,general situation,and the contents of basic operation as well. The knowledge concerning to the occupation, that is to say ,people should assure how to connect this job with the other jobs, and consider the reason why such connection is needed. Specific and functional knowledge, which refers to knowing the contents involved in a certain specialized work and make sure how it works. The deep knowledge based on experience includes the investigation on how to explain the relevant jobs in systematically and the further development. Proceeding from the above stages,the learners progress in gaining the professional ability from freshman to expert is no more than a process from receiving information passively to more reflection and participation. Besides, the knowledge becomes more internalized as time goes on, which is nearly close to self-construction.( Smith,PJ.Smith,ES. 2006)  [3]   FreshmanÆ’Â  personnel with progressÆ’Â  adeptÆ’Â  skilled personnelÆ’Â  expert Billet and Mansfield present the definition of workplace learning from the angle of learning results of knowledge and skills etc. with the purpose of establishing a theoretical frame so as to summarize and distinguish each form of learning in workplaces and combine them with work of the employees. Blended learning in the workplace Blended learning in the workplace refers to the comprehensive learning activities performed by adults within the workshops for the solution of work problems and the adjustment to the new working environment, including blended working activities, learning activities, learning technologies and learning environment. Blended learning, the new term takes shape on the foundation of e.Learning reflection features effective combination of traditional learning methods and e. Learning, does not only avoid the disadvantages of traditional learning, but also absorb superiority of e.Learning(LeeZhao 2004)  [4]  .In recent years, there is an increasing number of professional managers and training supervisors in workplaces accepting the concept of blended learning and exploring to put its means into application in enterprise trainings as well as employees studying. Compared with single e.Learning, blended learning can increase training efficiency, reduce worker cost and decrease training periods(RossettFrazee 2006)  [5]  . Essence of workplace learning lies in blending, for instance, employees can pass on working experience through communication, learn technology through listening and observing colleagues and study new operating procedures by attending trainings. In recent years, an increasing number of managers and trainers in North American workplaces start to accept the conception of blended learning. According to the survey conducted by Sparrow in 2004 with the subjects of over 300 training professionals from countries such as America and Britain, more than 2/3 subjects believe that blended learning is the most effective training approach with the highest cost efficiency. Besides, it is forecasted that investment in blended learning will account for 30% of training budget in the companies in 2006. The final target and difficulty of blended learning, the integrated strategy of transferring learning and promoting performance that means dynamic integration of many approaches including combination of formal and informal learning, face-to-face and internet learning, teacher-instructed and self-tutored learning and the digital resource-assisted and aspectant communication and discussion learning, lie in improving studying and performance of the organization and selecting appropriate connections of multiple ways in accordance with specific situations and subjects respectively. Many American enterprises are conducting practice and exploration of blended learning, IBM, for instance, has designed and developed Basic Blue blended learning system applicable for the training of over 30,000 new managers that are globally distributed and constantly on the move, which consists of self-evaluation of online e-learning, online simulation of commercial scenarios, online communities, face-to-face tutor instruction as well as workshop discussion, synchronous/ asynchronous virtual collaboration tools (emails, telephones, instant messaging and electronic white board) and professional e-tutors etc.( RossettSheldon 2001)  [6]   It is obvious that blended learning is a good idea, but is it suitable for all organizations? It is more complicated than traditional classroom instruction at fixed time and in fixed places. In spite of the considerable consensus people have reached on conceptions, namely, significance of learning in workplaces deserves affirmation and its effect can not be ignored, it remains not enough to encourage enterprise employers to decide to increase investment budget in this area with the reasons that it might be a long-term investment career without producing any effects in a short period, meanwhile, it calls for enough and a large number of capital investment, which is only enough to shut some small and medium-sized enterprises out of door. As employers, the attitudes towards educational investment will eventually depend on what kind of investment can produce considerable output, which will on average make the enterprises caught in a dilemma. On one hand, major companies are convinced tha t learning activities can constantly satisfy the organizations demand for skilled labor force with comprehensive knowledge, which is conducive to enhance their competitiveness in the international market; on the other hand, we can not fully grantee that the expenditure utilized in employee learning and training is bound to create profits and benefits for the enterprises, especially that there exists a phenomenon of frequent job mobility among young employees owing to the function and influence of flexible market, and there is no doubt that they will take away with them all the knowledge and skills learned when they employee conduct resign and job-hopping, which means it is a movement of high risk for all enterprises, especially the small-sized and micro ones to overly invest in employee training. Take Denmark, the typical country as an example, on one hand, local enterprises on average are not willing to bear the education and training cost because people in Denmark are used to pay in a full manner the cost of continuing education and skill training by public finance, and they are not willing to pay the cost unless it is an education and training program of special significance for enterprises or employers; however, on the other hand, they have to admit that learning content, purpose and approaches in workplaces will indeed pose great influence on enterprises, and accordingly development and implementation of corresponding learning program is good for enterprise development. Therefore, investment in this part will be gradually increased in enterprises. As for that of general education, it will be decreased gradually due to the enterprises perspective that it will not produce direct economic profits. The above are the double attitudes towards learning produced by companies. Ho wever, they will positively prefer to introduce in quantity such learning into enterprises provided that workplace learning can enable enterprises to get some financial subsidies from other aspects. Learning island In Germany, the traditional dual training system is encountering unprecedented challenge. Many people are for the opinion that under the mode of dual system, enough attention has not been paid by vocational training to learning and training in workplaces, especially that professional trainings of large enterprises are generally purely consumptive skill trainings conducted by training workshops that are independent from the manufacturing process, which separates vocational training far away from practical production of the enterprises despite that it is conducive to the formation of fundamental skills. However, the significance of learning and training in workplaces is becoming increasingly prominent in modern training system. In addition, the capacity of learning and working in a team can not be taught, which requires the learner to learn as a member of the team. In order to change the situation, large corporations in Germany begin to explore training approach that is closely connect ed with the process of production in recent years, emphasizing learning in the working process. It is just under this background that the conception of Learning Island is introduced to the field of vocational learning and training in Germany. Learning island, which is a working area established in the actual production environment of a company, marks a component of real production process from whether the spatial perspective or the organizational one. That is to say, it enjoys the same working conditions and procedures for the solution of work and problems with actual production environment. In learning island, the trainees jointly accomplish a certain working task in the production process through cooperation in the form of groups and teams, and the productions they manufacture should meet the quality requirements, namely, they should enjoy economic value. Meanwhile, as the coach personnel, training teachers provide assistance about the problems and difficulties they encounter to the learners  [7]  . There are some learning islands establishing in Benz car plant in Gaggenau that are separated areas including producing and educating equipments in the working plant. In the unit of groups, learners there carry out work by taking projects as orientation with the content of scheming producing task, manufacturing certain parts and solving logistical problems. The productions manufactured need to go through quality tests and those qualified will be assembled to the cars. Work of the whole group will be supported by a coach who only coordinates and intervenes when it is necessary so as to maintain the initiatives of trainees. Each group is supposed to accomplish a specific work or task goal within five weeks, the process of which will be fed back regularly to relevant groups in order to encourage learners to seek improvements. With the purpose of providing help to learners in learning island, some employees from the front line of production will be selected by senior workers to take the duty of tutoring personnel, and the production losses resulted from absence of tutors from the first line of production will be fixed by groups in learning island, through which what their work means in an industrial or commercial environment will be confirmed by the learners. Only when serious mistakes happen can the tutors, who serve as contact points of work groups and play the role of advisor intervene with the purpose of maintaining self-governing of the group work as far as possible. Work-based learning The concept of work-based learning Boud, Solomon Symes describe work-based learning as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a class of university programs that bring together universities and work organisations to create new learning opportunities in workplaces. Such programmes meet the needs of learners,contribute to longer-term development of the organisation and are formally accredited as university courses. There is a wide variation in the mix of elements they include, ranging from little more than a lightly tailored version of an existing course delivered in the workplace with some work-related assessment activities to programmes which focus more closely on the needs of learning in work. At the more interesting end of the spectrum are those programmes which depart substantially from the disciplinary framework of university study and which develop new pedagogies of learning. (Boud, Solomon Symes 2001:4)  [8]   Work-based learning is designed to use the opportunities, resources and experience in the workplace'(Margham 1997:2)  [9]  . These programs link theory and practice and are underpinned by appropriate professional knowledge and reflective practice (Hunt 2000)  [10]  . Work-based learning can be organised in a variety of ways and often consists of a hybrid mix of activities, however, they commonly include students undertaking a project or series of projects in their workplace. The context of work-based learning The work-based learning is an important component in Dual System Vocational Education in Germany, which has also achieved development in Australia,America, England in recent years. The development of the work-based learning in Australia The work-based learning system is developed with the evolution of apprentice system and trainee system, which are powerful in Australia.In the past seven years,under the support of finance and fundamental training programs, there was a great increase in the number of youths and adults who participated in training programs in Australia. In 2000, the apprentices and trainees who were accepting training are 275,000(Smith 2002)  [11]  .To tell the difference between apprentice system and trainee system, we should have a brief review on the historical evolution of the training system in Australia.Before the mid-1980s,orientation training was the work of traditional apprentice system and involved limited occupations.The Kerribi Report in 1985 suggested a one-year trainee system should be set up for the youths at the age of 16,17.In this system, 20% of time was used in school-based learning, while 80% of time was in work-based learning and the trainees also could receive 80% of the sala ry.People who participated the training in apprentice system were called apprentice, and in trainee system were called trainee.During 1996 to 1997, the number of trainees surpassed that of apprentices for the first time. Australia officials have ever expected to merge these two systems, and hoped to use Australia Vocational Training System,Modern Australia Apprentice System and New Apprentice System to unite the old names.But in fact , it is difficult to tell the difference between apprentice and trainee in Australia. Generally speaking, apprentices training time is longer than two years according to contract, otherwise, is trainee. Whatever in apprentice system or trainee system, the core part is the work-based learning. The development of the work-based learning in America In the late 1980s and the early 1990s, some areas and school districts or schools have noticed the problems in education so they launched reforms in local areas ,began to introduce the work-based learning and formulated various of models. For example, Georgia stipulated in its legislation in 1992 that any students in the grade of 11,12 or at the age of or more than 16 years old can register one of Youth Apprentice System programs provided by public schools(Smith 1998)  [12]  .A part of these models was adopted in School-to-Work Opportunity Act (STWOA) of 1994 and was spread through government. 3.the development of the work-based learning in England The work-based learning of England is reflected in the modern apprenticeship. The traditional apprenticeship was collapsed dramatically in 1970s. The main reason is it had little relation with mainstream educational system. In order to bridge the gap in training employees, the British government carried out a series of vocational training plans from the late 1970s to the late 1980s , however, its youth training plans didnt launched until 1990, and did not achieved success as hoped. Therefore, the British government initiated modern apprenticeship in September 1994. The early modern apprenticeship was applied in 14 industrial departments, and since 1995, its aim was to applied it in all industrial departments.There are three interrelated aspects in British modern apprenticeship:(1)apprenticeship is operated within the framework of contract which stipulates the rights and obligations of employer and apprentice explicitly and detailedly.(2)it includes cultural and social aspects before work and during the working process.(3)it contains school-based and work-based learning system which is an important characteristic of post-war British enterprises apprenticeship.Thus,the work-based learning is also the center of the British apprenticeship. The development of the work-based learning in worldwide has proved that it is a valuable and novel learning form in the recent vocational education and it is fully reflected the practicality of vocational education.At present,the extent of the promotion of the work-based learning is different in varied countries.For example,apprenticeship never plays an important role in cultivating skills in United States.And the 1990s modern apprenticeship did not gain the expected success in rebuilding the descending traditional apprenticeship in England. Compare to US and England,Australia was successful in this. Conclusion and Reflection Through the literature review,I have learned that Workplace learning is more than having structure,but a complicated one.However, due to the influence by too many elements,very few people can have full insights into the identity of work and learning and make natures of the two,with respect to learning or work,influence and supplement each other.Instead of maintaining an unchanged state in the whole interning process in workplace learning,the constantly changing environment, individual and different development demands of learners and the formed learning motivations will present a fluctuation in different occasions.Learners are also workers,and vice versa,so as to realize the required role coordination.The workplace-developed knowledge,which is primarily practical one under specific situation, is not public and can be structured only with experience.As a result, experience and reflection serve as its core elements, and it is of great significance for the individuals to participate in the practical process.Workplace learning, which marks a learning activity with instruction owing to the fact that it call for not only initiative as well as independent activity with abundant sense of responsibility, but also instruction and demonstration of experienced workers, allows learners to consolidate their own capacities through more practical operations and expend them with the organic combination of marginal participation and guidance. Everyday work activities when effectively structured provide opportunities for accessing and constructing robust and transferable vocational knowledge.The qualities of workplaces most likely to secure this knowledge are those that structure activities which assist individuals to move from peripheral activities to those which are more central to the functioning of the particular work practice;that provide expert guidance which presses individuals into accessing more complex forms of knowledge and which explicitly illuminate that which is not readily revealed. Through the literature review that I know how design of workplace learning mode for enterprises, guide and instruct workplace learning in an effective manner in order to achieve ideal learning effect of workplace learning, satisfy employees demands of career development and individual growth as well as coming to an agreement with business goals.The workplace is now commonly used as a setting for acquiring vocational knowledge.This situated approach to learning offers access to authentic vocational activities and the guidance of more expert others . Experience is most easy to grasp in practice.So,sharing experience is also a learning.Workplace learning is taught by one person who have experienced to no experience.Interest is the result of the learning experience,learning experience will impact personal education in the future and the development of vocational skills.Although the experience is the base of learning,but without reflection,learning is not complete.In fact,if the individual does not reflect on the experience,or did not consciously learn from experience,the experience of individuals may not learn.